Brain Tumours and Brain Cancer: Understanding the Difference and the Road to Recovery

By Dr. Kanishka Sarkar, Consultant Clinical Oncologist

When it comes to neurological health, brain tumours and brain cancer are among the most complex and challenging conditions. While the words “tumour” and “cancer” are often used interchangeably, not all brain tumours are cancerous. Understanding the difference, recognizing early symptoms, and seeking timely medical attention can make a crucial difference in patient outcomes.

What Is a Brain Tumour?

A brain tumour is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain or surrounding tissues. These can be:

• Benign (non-cancerous) – slow-growing and usually localized.

• Malignant (cancerous) – aggressive and capable of spreading to nearby tissues.

Brain tumours can either originate in the brain (primary) or spread from other parts of the body (secondary or metastatic brain cancer).

Common Symptoms

Early symptoms can vary depending on the tumour’s size and location, but common signs include:

• Persistent headaches (especially in the morning)

• Nausea and vomiting

• Blurred or double vision

• Seizures

• Difficulty with balance or coordination

• Changes in speech, memory, or behaviour

If you experience any of these symptoms persistently, it’s essential to consult a clinical oncologist or neurologist for further evaluation.

Diagnosis and Evaluation

Accurate diagnosis is the cornerstone of effective treatment. Diagnostic steps typically include:

• MRI or CT scan to visualize brain structures

• Biopsy to determine tumour type and grade

• Neurological evaluation to assess cognitive and motor functions

Treatment Options

Dr. Kanishka Sarkar emphasizes that treatment for brain tumours is highly personalized and may include one or a combination of the following:

• Surgery: To remove as much of the tumour as safely possible

• Radiation Therapy: Targeted radiation to destroy cancer cells

• Chemotherapy: Medications to kill or control the growth of tumour cells

• Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: Modern treatments that focus on specific cancer pathways or boost the body’s immune response

Each case requires a multidisciplinary approach for the best possible outcome.

Living with Brain Cancer

Beyond medical treatment, emotional and psychological support play a vital role. Rehabilitation therapies—such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and counselling—help patients regain strength and confidence.

Dr. Kanishka Sarkar highlights the importance of early diagnosis and continuous follow-up, which significantly improve quality of life and survival rates.

Conclusion

Brain tumours and brain cancer may sound intimidating, but with advancements in oncology, early intervention, and personalized treatment strategies, patients can lead fulfilling lives. If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms or have been diagnosed with a brain tumour, seek professional guidance from an experienced oncologist.